ABSTRACT
Em 2020, o mundo enfrentou uma grave emergência de saúde pública devido à pandemia de COVID-19, que impactou significativamente a mobilidade humana e a vida cotidiana de milhares de imigrantes ao redor do mundo. Este artigo fez uso de entrevistas online e por telefone com imigrantes que chegaram ao Brasil a partir de 2016, para identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento adotadas durante a pandemia. Foi realizada uma análise transversal das entrevistas com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti 9, usando a técnica sistemática de categorização iterativa. Com base em uma perspectiva sociocultural em psicologia, o artigo introduz os impactos iniciais da pandemia em diferentes esferas da vida cotidiana desses imigrantes e apresenta as estratégias mobilizadas para restaurar continuidades funcionais e relacionais em um momento no qual as rupturas provocadas pela migração e pela pandemia se sobrepõem. Entre outros, podese identificar como os entrevistados ativaram rapidamente as redes sociais locais e transnacionais virtualmente, mobilizando competências e habilidades aprendidas durante a migração.(AU)
In 2020, the world faced a serious public health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has significantly impacted human mobility and the daily lives of thousands of immigrants around the world. This article uses online and telephone interviews conducted with migrants who arrived in Brazil in 2016, to identify coping strategies employed during the pandemic. A transversal analysis of all interviews was conducted with the aid of the software Atlas.ti 9, using a systematic approach of iterative categorization. From a sociocultural perspective in psychology, the article introduces the initial impacts of the pandemic in different spheres of everyday life of these immigrants. With this everyday context, we present the strategies mobilized by immigrants to restore functional and relational continuities at a moment in which the ruptures caused by migration and the pandemic overlap. In particular, we identify how interviewees rapidly activated local and transnational social networks virtually, mobilizing skills learnt during migration.(AU)
En 2020, el mundo se enfrentó a un grave estado de emergencia en salud pública debido a la pandemia del COVID-19, que impactó significativamente la movilidad humana y la vida cotidiana de miles de inmigrantes en todo el mundo. Este artículo realizó entrevistas en línea y por teléfono con inmigrantes quienes llegaron a Brasil a partir de 2016, con el fin de identificar sus estrategias de afrontamiento adoptadas durante la pandemia. Se realizó un análisis transversal de las entrevistas con la ayuda del software Atlas.ti 9, utilizando la técnica sistemática de categorización iterativa. Desde una perspectiva sociocultural en Psicología, este artículo expone los impactos iniciales de la pandemia en diferentes ámbitos de la vida cotidiana de estos inmigrantes y presenta las estrategias movilizadas para restaurar las continuidades funcionales y relacionales en un momento en que se superponen las rupturas causadas por la migración y la pandemia. Entre otros aspectos, se puede identificar cómo los entrevistados activaron virtualmente las redes sociales locales y transnacionales movilizando habilidades y destrezas aprendidas durante la migración.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adaptation, Psychological , Cultural Characteristics , Emigration and Immigration , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Aptitude , Politics , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Refugees , Safety , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Social Change , Social Desirability , Social Isolation , Social Mobility , Social Problems , Social Sciences , Social Work , Socioeconomic Factors , Unemployment , Viruses , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Brazil , Career Mobility , Economic Development , Quarantine , Communicable Disease Control , Family Characteristics , Adjustment Disorders , Hygiene , Mental Health , Disease Outbreaks , Mortality , Immunization , Population Growth , Universal Precautions , Clinical Competence , Workplace , Interview , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Disease Notification , Refugee Camps , Endemic Diseases , Credentialing , Crisis Intervention , Affective Symptoms , Culture , Terrorism , Capitalism , Internationality , Disasters , Economics , Employment , Environment and Public Health , Job Market , Ethics , Products Distribution , Cultural Competency , Resilience, Psychological , Fear , Economic Recession , Policy , Remuneration , Forecasting , Faith-Based Organizations , Expression of Concern , Right to seek Asylum , Respect , Psychological Distress , Transtheoretical Model , Physical Distancing , Food Insecurity , Social Vulnerability , Disaster Operations , Human Development , Human Rights , Income , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Learning , Leisure Activities , Life Change Events , LonelinessABSTRACT
O trabalho é uma reflexão crítica sobre uma intervenção realizada no Centro Nocturno (Albergue) do Programa de Atención a Personas en Situación de Calle (PASC), do Ministerio de Desarrollo Social (MIDES, Uruguai) que visa à reinserção sociocultural/laboral dos usuários. Trabalhou-se com a equipe do albergue (coordenador, técnicos e educadores), a partir de uma demanda da Coordenação do Albergue ao Departamento de Fotolinguagem da Asociación de Psicopatología y Psiquiatría de la Infancia y la Adolescencia (APPIA). A metodologia combinou Fotolinguagem, Palavra e Psicodrama. O discurso dos participantes foi analisado salvaguardando a identidade dos participantes. Surgiram elementos que colocavam em risco a saúde ocupacional. Estes resultavam de uma tarefa altamente exigente, com insuficientes antecedentes e recursos disponíveis no sistema institucional. Trata-se de um trabalho pioneiro que exige a convivência com o erro em situações extremas. Foi observado um aumento da autoconfiança para desbravar um território desafiador. Foi valorizado o ato de fazer, de transcender e de criar saberes, assim como o conhecimento que surge da experiência para contribuir e trocar ideias com outras instituições e melhorar assim os programas de intervenção.
This work is a critical reflection on an intervention carried out at a night shelter of the Homeless Assistance Program (PASC), under the Ministry of Social Development (MIDES), aimed at the socio-cultural/labour reintegration of the users. The intervention was carried out with the work team (coordinator, technicians and educators) upon request of the Coordinator to the Photolanguage Department of the Uruguayan Association of Psychopathology and Psychiatry of Children and Adolescents (APPIA). The methodology articulated Photolanguage, words and Psychodrama. The discourse of the participants was analyzed without disclosing their identities. There were working conditions that jeopardized their occupational health; they involved a very demanding job combined with a lack of background and resources in the institutional system. It is a pioneering work that requires coping with error in extreme situations. Participants experienced an increase in their self-confidence which was necessary to open new pathways in a challenging territory. Participants placed value on hands-on experience, on going beyond what was already accomplished by creating new knowledge that can contribute to enhance the interaction with other professionals and institutions to improve future programs.
El trabajo es una reflexión crítica sobre una intervención en un Centro Nocturno (Refugio) del Programa de Atención a Personas en Situación de Calle (PASC) del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social (MIDES), cuyo objetivo es la reinserción socio-cultural/laboral de los usuarios. Se trabajó con el equipo del Centro (coordinador, técnicos y educadores) por demanda de la Coordinación del Centro al Departamento de Fotolenguaje de la Asociación de Psicopatología y Psiquiatría de la Infancia y la Adolescencia (APPIA). La metodología articuló Fotolenguaje, Palabra y Psicodrama. Se analizó el discurso de los participantes salvaguardando la identidad de los mismos. Surgieron elementos que ponen en riesgo la salud laboral, y que se generaron por tarea altamente exigente con escasos antecedentes y recursos disponibles en el sistema institucional. Es un trabajo pionero que exige la convivencia con el error en situaciones límites. Se observó un aumento de la auto-confianza para abrir caminos en un terreno desafiante. Se valora el hacer, trascender y crear saberes, así como el conocimiento que surge de la experiencia para intercambiar con otras instituciones para mejorar los programas de intervención.
Subject(s)
Psychodrama , Social Change , Ill-Housed Persons , Refugee Camps , Shelter , Emigrants and Immigrants , Group ProcessesABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever o surto de varicela entre imigrantes venezuelanos em abrigos e ocupações nos municípios de Pacaraima e Boa Vista, Roraima, Brasil, e as medidas de controle implementadas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo do tipo 'série de casos', realizado entre 21 de novembro e 13 de dezembro de 2019, sobre banco de dados secundários da investigação do surto disponibilizado pela Coordenação-Geral do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Na análise descritiva, utilizaram-se medidas de frequência simples e relativa e foram calculadas medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Resultados: Dos 9.591 imigrantes, detectaram-se 38 casos ativos e 1.459 suscetíveis à varicela. Dos casos ativos, 23 eram do sexo feminino e a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de menores de 9 anos (17 casos). Conclusão: Identificaram-se pessoas suscetíveis a varicela na investigação; foram adotadas ações de imunização que controlaram a transmissão, evitando casos graves, óbitos e sobrecarga da rede de assistência à saúde local.
Objetivo: Describir el brote de varicela entre inmigrantes venezolanos en albergues y ocupaciones en los municipios de Pacaraima y Boa Vista, Roraima, Brasil, y las medidas de control implementadas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo del tipo "serie de casos", entre el 21 de noviembre y 13 de diciembre de 2019, utilizando datos secundarios de la investigación del brote, puesto a disposición por la Coordinación General del Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones. En el análisis descriptivo, se utilizaron medidas de frecuencia simple y relativa y se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: Entre los 9.591 inmigrantes se detectaron 38 casos activos y 1.500 susceptibles a la varicela. Entre los casos activos, 23 fueron mujeres y el grupo de edad más afectado fue de menores de 9 años (17 casos). Conclusión: Se identificaron personas susceptibles a la varicela, lo que llevó a adopción de acciones de inmunización que controlaran la transmisión, previniendo casos graves, muertes y sobrecarga de la red local de atención.
Objective: To describe chickenpox outbreak among Venezuelan immigrants in shelters and occupancies in the municipalities of Pacaraima and Boa Vista, the state capital of Roraima, Brazil, and the control measures implemented. Methods: This was a descriptive case series study, conducted between November 21 and December 13, 2019, based on secondary database obtained from the outbreak investigation made available by the General Coordination for the National Immunization Program. Descriptive analysis was performed using simple and relative frequency measurements, and measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated. Results: Of the 9,591 immigrants, 38 active cases and 1,459 susceptible to varicella were identified. With regard to active cases, 23 were female, and those aged under 9 years (17 cases) were the most affected. Conclusion: People susceptible to chickenpox were identified during the investigation. Immunization actions aimed at reducing transmission were adopted, thus preventing severe cases, deaths and overload in local health care system.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chickenpox/prevention & control , Chickenpox/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Emigrants and Immigrants , Venezuela/ethnology , Brazil , Immunization , Vaccination , Refugee CampsABSTRACT
Background: Rape is the most common form of violence in conflict and refugee situations but because of the associated stigma few cases are reported. This study assessed the outcome of an intervention targeted at women groups on the utilization of medical services by rape survivors in refugee camps in Zambia. Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental community-based intervention study was carried out in two refugee camps allocated into intervention and comparison areas. The intervention was participatory education sessions for women groups. Data was collected using the clinic records and the main outcome was the number of rape survivors who utilized and completed medical services provided at the camp clinics. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out with level of significance set at 5%. Results: The proportion of the rape survivors who accessed medical care within 72 hours increased significantly from 41.2% to 84.8% in the intervention area but from 31.1% to 38.9% in the comparison area, (p=0.005). Those who completed their medical treatment and the follow-up visits increased significantly from 42.8% to 94.8% in intervention area but reduced from 38.5% to 21.4% in the comparison area, (p=0.002). Being resident in the intervention area predicted the utilization of medical services, [OR: 3.15; 95%CI: 1.955-5.681], p=0.002. Conclusion: Community-based intervention using participatory women's group discussion had a significant impact on increasing the utilization of medical services by rape survivors and should be considered for scaling up as a key intervention for increasing utilization of medical services for rape survivors especially in refugee situations